API

An application programming interface (API) is a way for one program to talk to another program. For example, Mr. Code's Wild Ride has an API that allows other programs to access public data about its students and projects. This is useful if a program needs to create user accounts based on Mr. Code's students, for example.
There are many ways to call an API. A common way is to make an HTTP request to a specific URL, and receive a response in JSON format. This is an example of a representational state transfer (REST) API.
Mr. Code's API: documentation
List of Public APIs: GitHub page